HBC203: (Statistics and Data Analysis for the Social and Behavioural Sciences) Identify the most appropriate statistical test to conduct to find out whether if Singaporean parents’ concern about their children’s exposure to inappropriate content on social media changed significantly from 2018 to 2021.

Module / Subject / School:

HBC203: Statistics and Data Analysis for the Social and Behavioural Sciences

Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS)

Requirements:

Question 1 (20 marks)

Identify the most appropriate statistical test to conduct to find out whether if Singaporean parents’ concern about their children’s exposure to inappropriate content on social media changed significantly from 2018 to 2021. Explain why this is the most appropriate statistical test by providing two reasons in the context of this study. Then, assuming all the assumptions of the statistical test you identified are met, analyse the data using jamovi. Show the jamovi spreadsheet by taking a screenshot of the spreadsheet (i.e., what you see when you click the DATA tab) and pasting it in your answer. The jamovi spreadsheet should be correctly formatted. Further, paste all the output necessary for interpretation of the results in your answer. Report the results in APA format (using an alpha level of .05) and provide a plausible explanation for the results.

Question 2 (42 marks)

Explain why this is the most appropriate statistical test by providing two reasons in the context of this study. Then, assuming all the assumptions of the statistical test you identified are met and there are no concerns about small sample size, analyse the data using jamovi. Show the jamovi spreadsheet by taking a screenshot of the spreadsheet (i.e., what you see when you click the DATA tab) and pasting it in your answer. The jamovi spreadsheet should be correctly formatted. Further, paste all the output necessary for interpretation of the results in your answer. Interpret fully the results of your data analysis with reference to the p values, the alpha level (using an alpha level of .05) and the descriptives. Finally, discuss the results.

In your discussion, summarise the results in a way that a layman can understand, provide possible explanations for the findings, and suggest how the university can use the findings to inform its admissions policy.

Question 3 (38 marks)

a. Based on the study design, identify the most appropriate statistical test to conduct. Explain why this is the most appropriate statistical test by providing one reason in the context of this study. Then, assuming all the assumptions of the statistical test you identified are met and there are no concerns about small sample size, analyse the data using jamovi. Show the jamovi spreadsheet by taking a screenshot of the spreadsheet (i.e., what you see when you click the DATA tab) and pasting it in your answer. The jamovi spreadsheet should be correctly formatted. Further, paste all the output necessary for interpretation of the results in your answer. Interpret the results of your data analysis with reference to the p values and the alpha level (using an alpha level of .05). State the implication of the results for the claim made by the dairy industry (i.e., is the dairy industry’s claim supported?). You do NOT need to report the results in APA format for this question. (18 marks)

b. There are some limitations with Rose’s study design. Identify five limitations and discuss how they affect Rose’s results. Then, propose changes you would make to the study to address those limitations. In your response, you must explain why the proposed changes would address those limitations. (20 marks)

What we score:

72%

Our Writer’s Comment

This assignment is designed to assess students’ understanding of business practices.

To secure an A+ grade, adhere to these guidelines and make sure your work aligns with the grading criteria:

1. Choosing the Correct Statistical Test

In all three questions, identifying the correct statistical test is crucial to scoring well. Here’s how to make sure you choose the right one:

Question 1: You are looking for whether concerns have changed over time (from 2018 to 2021). The appropriate test would be a paired-sample t-test if you’re working with the same group of parents over two time points. If different parents were surveyed in 2018 and 2021, a two-sample t-test or independent samples t-testwould be appropriate. Justify your choice by explaining that the test compares the means of the same or different groups over time. Mention how it fits the structure of the data (e.g., continuous dependent variable).
Key Tip: Make sure to explain the statistical assumptions (normality, independence) for this test, and why they’re met or assumed to be met.
Question 2: This question asks for two reasons why your chosen test is appropriate. If the context involves group comparisons or relationships between variables, common tests might include an ANOVA (for multiple group comparisons) or a regression analysis (for relationships). Your explanation should be clear—focus on why this test fits the research design (e.g., comparing means across more than two groups, predicting an outcome variable).
Key Tip: Make sure you clearly explain each assumption behind the test and why the data fits.
Question 3: Identify the most appropriate test based on the study design. For example, if the claim is related to a comparison of groups, an ANOVA or t-test could be appropriate. Be sure to clearly state your reasons for choosing the test (e.g., comparing means, categorical vs. continuous variables).

2. Data Analysis in jamovi

A key part of this assignment is analyzing data using jamovi and showing the output clearly.

Take clear screenshots: Ensure that your screenshots of the jamovi spreadsheet are well-labeled and formatted. This includes showing the p-values, descriptive statistics, and alpha levels. For full marks, make sure the output is clean, without unnecessary clutter, and highlights all the necessary information (e.g., test statistics, p-values).
Report the results in APA format: For questions where APA format is required, ensure you’re reporting everything properly. An APA results section for a t-test might look like this:
- “A paired-sample t-test was conducted to compare the concerns of Singaporean parents in 2018 and 2021. There was a significant difference in the level of concern in 2018 (M = 3.5, SD = 0.5) and 2021 (M = 4.0, SD = 0.6); t(49) = 2.45, p = .019.”

3. Interpreting the Results

Interpreting results is one area where you can push your score higher by focusing on clarity:

Make it understandable for a layperson: For example, instead of just saying “the p-value was significant,” explain what that means in plain language. Something like, “This result suggests that parents’ concerns about inappropriate content increased significantly between 2018 and 2021.”
Explain the p-value and alpha level: In all questions, make sure to clearly explain the meaning of a p-value and whether it is less than or greater than the alpha level (0.05). For example: “Since the p-value of .02 is less than .05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference between the two time points.”
Summarize findings in a way that’s useful: For instance, after analyzing the results, suggest how a university might adjust its admissions policy based on the findings. Give practical recommendations based on the data.

4. Discussing Limitations (Question 3b)

Identifying and discussing five limitations in the study design is critical:

Focus on limitations related to sample size, sampling methods, measurement tools, potential biases, and generalizability.
For each limitation, propose a solution. For instance, if a small sample size is a limitation, recommend increasing the sample size in future studies to improve the power of the statistical test.
Make sure to explain why your proposed changes would address the limitations. For example, increasing the sample size would improve the representativeness of the findings.

5. Final Tips for Writing and Presentation

Be concise but thorough: With a 1500-word limit, you need to explain your points clearly without unnecessary fluff. Ensure that each sentence adds value.
Structure your answer well: Make sure that each answer follows a logical flow—first identifying the test, then justifying it, then presenting the results, and finally interpreting them.
Check APA formatting: Ensure all references and in-text citations are correctly formatted in APA style. This includes jamovi outputs as well.
Graphs and tables: Where applicable, include well-labeled graphs or tables from jamovi to illustrate your points.

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